Building
upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding
grades,
by the end of Grade 8, students will:
Standard 4.1
(Number
and
Numerical Operations) All students will develop
number sense and will perform standard numerical
operations and estimations on all types of numbers
in a variety of ways.
Standard 4.1.8.A
Number
Sense
Standard 4.1.8.A.1
Extend
understanding of the number system by constructing
meanings for the following (unless otherwise
noted, all indicators for grade 8 pertain to
these sets of numbers as well):
· Rational numbers
· Percents
· Exponents
· Roots
· Absolute values
· Numbers represented in scientific notation
Standard 4.1.8.A.2
Demonstrate
a sense of the relative magnitudes of numbers.
Standard 4.1.8.A.3
Understand
and use ratios, proportions, and percents (including
percents greater than 100 and less than 1) in a
variety of situations.
Standard 4.1.8.A.4
Compare
and order numbers of all named types.
Standard 4.1.8.A.5
Use
whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percents
to represent equivalent forms of the same number.
Standard 4.1.8.A.6
Recognize
that repeating decimals correspond to fractions
and determine their fractional equivalents.
· 5/7
= 0. 714285714285… = 0.714285
Standard 4.1.8.A.7
Construct
meanings for common irrational numbers, such
as
p (pi) and the square root of 2.
Standard 4.1.8.B
Numerical
Operations
Standard 4.1.8.B.1
Use and explain procedures
for performing calculations involving addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation
with integers and all number types named above
with:
· Pencil-and-paper
· Mental math
· Calculator
Standard 4.1.8.B.2
Use
exponentiation to find whole number powers of numbers.
Standard 4.1.8.B.3
Find
square and cube roots of numbers and understand
the inverse nature of powers and roots.
Standard 4.1.8.B.4
Solve
problems involving proportions and percents.
Standard 4.1.8.B.5
Understand
and apply the standard algebraic order of operations,
including appropriate use of parentheses.
Standard 4.1.8.C
Estimation
Standard 4.1.8.C.1
Estimate
square and cube roots of numbers.
Standard 4.1.8.C.2
Use
equivalent representations of numbers such
as fractions, decimals, and percents to facilitate
estimation.
Standard 4.1.8.C.3
Recognize
the limitations of estimation and assess the
amount of error resulting from estimation.
