Building
upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding
grades,
by the end of Grade 4, students will:
Standard 4.1
(Number
and Numerical Operations) All students will
develop number sense and will perform standard
numerical operations and estimations on all
types of numbers in a variety of ways.
Standard 4.1.4.A
Number
Sense
Standard 4.1.4.A.1
Use
real-life experiences, physical materials,
and technology to construct meanings for
numbers (unless otherwise noted, all indicators
for grade 4 pertain to these sets of numbers
as well).
· Whole numbers through millions
· Commonly used fractions (denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and
16) as part of a whole, as a subset of a set, and as a location on a number line
· Decimals through hundredths
Standard 4.1.4.A.2
Demonstrate
an understanding of place value concepts.
Standard 4.1.4.A.3
Demonstrate
a sense of the relative magnitudes of numbers.
Standard 4.1.4.A.4
Understand
the various uses of numbers.
· Counting, measuring, labeling (e.g., numbers on baseball uniforms),
locating (e.g., Room 235 is on the second floor)
Standard 4.1.4.A.5
Use
concrete and pictorial models to relate whole
numbers, commonly used fractions, and decimals
to each other, and to represent equivalent
forms of the same number.
Standard 4.1.4.A.6
Compare
and order numbers.
Standard 4.1.4.A.7
Explore
settings that give rise to negative numbers.
· Temperatures below 0 degrees, debts
· Extension of the number line
Standard 4.1.4.B
Numerical
Operations
Standard 4.1.4.B.1
Develop
the meanings of the four basic arithmetic operations
by modeling and discussing a large variety
of problems.
· Addition and subtraction: joining, separating, comparing
· Multiplication: repeated addition, area/array
· Division: repeated subtraction, sharing
Standard 4.1.4.B.2
Develop
proficiency with basic multiplication and division
number facts using a variety of fact strategies
(such as "skip counting" and "repeated
subtraction") and then commit them to
memory.
Standard 4.1.4.B.3
Construct,
use, and explain procedures for performing
whole number calculations and with:
· Pencil-and-paper
· Mental math
· Calculator
Standard 4.1.4.B.4
Use
efficient and accurate pencil-and-paper procedures
for computation with whole numbers.
· Addition of 3-digit numbers
· Subtraction of 3-digit numbers
· Multiplication of 2-digit numbers
· Division of 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers
Standard 4.1.4.B.5
Construct
and use procedures for performing decimal addition
and subtraction.
Standard 4.1.4.B.6
Count
and perform simple computations with money.
· Standard dollars and cents notation
Standard 4.1.4.B.7
Select
pencil-and-paper, mental math, or a calculator
as the appropriate computational method in
a given situation depending on the context
and numbers.
Standard 4.1.4.B.8
Check
the reasonableness of results of computations.
Standard 4.1.4.B.9
Use
concrete models to explore addition and subtraction
with fractions.
Standard 4.1.4.B.10
Understand
and use the inverse relationships between addition
and subtraction and between multiplication
and division.
Standard 4.1.4.C
Estimation
Standard 4.1.4.C.1
Judge
without counting whether a set of objects has
less than, more than, or the same number of
objects as a reference set.
Standard 4.1.4.C.2
Construct
and use a variety of estimation strategies
(e.g., rounding and mental math) for estimating
both quantities and the results of computations.
Standard 4.1.4.C.3
Recognize
when an estimate is appropriate, and understand
the usefulness of an estimate as distinct from
an exact answer.
Standard 4.1.4.C.4
Use
estimation to determine whether the result
of a computation (either by calculator or by
hand) is reasonable.
