Building
upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding
grades,
by the end of Grade 4, students will:
Standard 4.4
(Data
Analysis, Probability, and Discrete Mathematics)
All students will develop spatial sense and
the ability to use geometric properties, relationships,
and measurement to model, describe and analyze
phenomena.
Standard 4.4.4.A
Data
Analysis
Standard 4.4.4.A.1
Collect,
generate, organize, and display data in response
to questions, claims, or curiosity.
· Data collected from the school environment
Standard 4.4.4.A.2
Read,
interpret, construct, analyze, generate questions
about, and draw inferences from displays of data.
· Pictograph, bar graph, line plot, line
graph, table
· Average (mean), most frequent (mode),
middle term (median)
Standard 4.4.4.B
Probability
Standard 4.4.4.B.1
Use
everyday events and chance devices, such as dice,
coins, and unevenly divided spinners, to explore
concepts of probability.
· Likely, unlikely, certain, impossible,
improbable, fair, unfair
· More likely, less likely, equally likely
· Probability of tossing "heads" does not depend on outcomes
of previous tosses
Standard 4.4.4.B.2
Determine probabilities of simple events based on
equally likely outcomes and express them as fractions.
Standard 4.4.4.B.3
Predict
probabilities in a variety of situations (e.g.,
given the number of items of each color in a bag,
what is the probability that an item picked will
have a particular color).
· What students think will happen (intuitive)
· Collect data and use that data to predict
the probability (experimental)
· Analyze all possible outcomes to find the
probability (theoretical)
Standard 4.4.4.C
Discrete
Mathematics-Systematic Listing and Counting
Standard 4.4.4.C.1
Represent
and classify data according to attributes, such
as shape or color, and relationships.
· Venn diagrams
· Numerical and alphabetical order
Standard 4.4.4.C.2
Represent
all possibilities for a simple counting situation
in an organized way and draw conclusions from this
representation.
· Organized lists, charts, tree diagrams
· Dividing into categories (e.g., to find
the total number of rectangles in a grid, find
the number of rectangles of each size and add the results)
Standard 4.4.4.D
Discrete
Mathematics–Vertex-Edge Graphs and Algorithms
Standard 4.4.4.D.1
Follow, devise, and describe practical sets of directions
(e.g., to add two 2-digit numbers).
Standard 4.4.4.D.2
Play
two-person games and devise strategies for
winning
the games (e.g., "make 5" where players
alternately add 1 or 2 and the person who reaches
5, or another designated number, is the winner).
Standard 4.4.4.D.3
Explore
vertex-edge graphs and tree diagrams.
· Vertex, edge, neighboring/adjacent, number
of neighbors
· Path, circuit (i.e., path that ends at
its starting point)
Standard 4.4.4.D.4
Find
the smallest number of colors needed to color a
map or a graph.
